医学病毒形态识别中的假象
宋敬东
（中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所，传染病预防控制国家重点实验室，北京100052）
摘 要 基于透射电子显微镜负染技术和超薄切片技术的病毒形态识别是病毒鉴定的重要手段，病毒的形态识别在病毒相关的科研工作及重大疫情、生物恐怖事件的病原体鉴定中均发挥重要的作用。但是，无论负染样本中还是超薄切片上有时存在类似病毒结构的假象，往往导致误判。本文对负染样本、超薄切片样本中常见的医学病毒类似结构的假象结构进行列举，包括噬菌体、球形杂质颗粒、线粒体成分、支原体、网格蛋白及非网格蛋白包被囊泡、多泡体、高尔基体运输囊泡、糖原颗粒、微管、染色质周围颗粒、核孔、微绒毛、分泌泡和胶原纤维等结构，期望为医学病毒形态判定提供一定的思路。
关键词 透射电子显微镜技术；医学病毒；形态；假象；鉴别
中图分类号：Q934.3；Q93-332；Q-331；Q248 文献标识码：A
Artifacts in medical virus morphological identification
SONG Jing-dong
(State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China)
Abstract Transmission electron microscopy including negative staining and ultrathin sectioning is very important for virus morphological identification. Virus morphological recognition plays an important role in virus-related research as well as pathogen identification in emergent or re-emergent situation or bioterrorism incidents. However, sometimes the false virus-like structures (namely artifacts) exist in samples of both negative staining and ultra-thin sectioning, which often leads to misidentification of virus morphology. In this review, frequently encountered artifacts both in negative staining and in ultrathin section samples were listed, the artifacts including: phage, spherical granules, mitochondrial components, mycoplasma, clathrin and non-clathrin coated vesicles, multivesicular bodies, Golgi transport vesicles, glycogen granules, microtubes, perichromatin granules, nuclear pores, microvilli,secretory vesicles, collagen fibers. The artifacts listed here present clue for the morphological determination of medical viruses.
Keywords transmission electron microscopy；virus morphology；artifacts；identification
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