高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠下丘脑神经细胞超微结构的观察
钟霄毓，陆 敏，袁 琳，胡 娜，林 敏，姜 逸，陆 雄*高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠下丘脑神经细胞超微结构的观察
钟霄毓，陆 敏，袁 琳，胡 娜，林 敏，姜 逸，陆 雄*
（上海中医药大学 科技实验中心细胞生物与组织病理学实验室，上海 201203）
摘 要 目的：通过透射电子显微镜以及免疫组化染色观察高脂饮食诱导肥胖小鼠下丘脑中各类神经细胞超微结构以及数量的改变的变化。方法：将C57BL/6J 小鼠随机分为正常组和高脂组，正常组给予常规饲料，高脂组给予高脂饲料，20周后心脏灌流固定，处死动物取下丘脑,进行透射电镜和免疫组化制备观察。结果：和正常组相比，高脂组小鼠下丘脑神经元数量变化不明显，体积缩小，电子密度加深；细胞核深染，异染色质增加，核周粗面内质网和游离核糖体减少，线粒体肿胀，可见较多脂褐素沉积。和正常组相比，高脂组小鼠下丘脑星形胶质细胞数量明显增多，部分星形胶质细胞体积变小，胞质电子密度增加，部分细胞胞浆水肿。和正常组相比，高脂组小鼠下丘脑小胶质细胞数量显著增多，且靠近神经元，部分小胶质细胞内可见溶酶体增多。和正常组相比，高脂组小鼠下丘脑少突胶质细胞超微结构的形态未见明显的改变。结论：长期高脂饮食，会导致小鼠下丘脑各类神经细胞在数量和形态上发生改变。
关键词 高脂饮食；下丘脑；神经细胞；透射电子显微镜；超微结构
中图分类号：Q248；Q-336；Q421 文献标识码：A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6281.2023.03.004
Observation on the ultrastructure of hypothalamic neurons in obese mice induced by high-fat diet
ZHONG Xiao-yu，LU Min，YUAN Lin，HU Na，LIN Min，JIANG Yi，LU Xiong*
(Experiment Center for Science and Technology，Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Shanghai 201203，China)
Abstract Objective: Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining were employed to observe the ultrastructural and quantitative changes of various nerve cells in hypothalamus of obese mice induced by high-fat diet. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a high-fat group. The normal group and the high-fat group was fed by conventional diets and high-fat diets, respectively. After 20 weeks, their hearts were perfused and fixed. These animals were killed and their hypothalamus were taken out and studied by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical preparation. Results: Compared with the normal group, the number of hypothalamic neurons in the high-fat group shows a little change, their volumes decrease and their electronic densities increase. The nucleus is hyperchromatic and the heterochromatin increases. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and the free ribosome around the nucleus decrease. The mitochondria are swollen, and more lipofuscin deposits can be observed. In contrast, the number of astrocytes in the hypothalamus of mice in the high-fat group significantly increases. Parts of astrocytes become smaller. The electronic density of cytoplasm increases, and parts of cells have cytoplasmic edema. The number of microglia in the hypothalamus of mice in the high-fat group significantly increases, and lysosomes increase in some microglia near neurons. The ultrastructure of oligodendrocytes in the hypothalamus of mice in the high-fat group does not change obviously. Conclusion: Long term high-fat diet leads to the changes in the number and morphology of various neurons in the hypothalamus of mice.
Keywords high-fat diet; hypothalamus; nerve cells; transmission electron microscope; ultrastructural
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