基于超微结构的海带雌雄配子体差异研究
王翔宇，辛美丽，刘晓慧，吴海一*基于超微结构的海带雌雄配子体差异研究
王翔宇，辛美丽，刘晓慧，吴海一*
（山东省海洋科学研究院，山东青岛 266104）
摘 要 目的：海带具有微小配子体世代和大型孢子体世代，可利用营养生长的配子体克隆长期保存海带种质，但配子体克隆肉眼较难分辨雌雄，本研究以901海带品系（Saccharina 901）、DF海带品系（S. DF）、早厚成海带品系（S.zaohoucheng）、长海带（S. longissima）和真海带（S. japonica）的雌雄配子体为研究对象，分析它们的超微结构差异，为种质雌雄鉴定提供细胞学研究参考。方法：海带配子体克隆保存在低温弱光条件，取5种海带共10份配子体克隆，打碎后，固定包埋，在电子显微镜下观察细胞的超微结构。结果：5种海带雌雄配子体的区别在于雌配子体的质体在细胞内各个部位均有分布，雄配子体的质体靠近细胞壁分布，而且雄配子细胞有较小的质体与细胞体积比值，研究结果可作为长期保存的海带种质性别鉴定的指标。
关键词 海带；配子体；超微结构；细胞器差异
中图分类号：S917.3；S184；Q248；Q942.4 文献标识码：A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6281.2023.03.005
Study on the difference between male and female gametophytes of Saccharina based on ultrastructure
WANG Xiang-yu, XIN Mei-li, LIU Xiao-hui, WU hai-yi*
(Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao Shandong 266104, China)
Abstract Objective: Saccharinais a large seaweed with micro gametophyte generation and large spore generation. The gametophyte clone can be used for long-term germplasm conservation of Saccharina. However, it is difficult to distinguish the sex of the gametophyte clone with naked eyes. Based on S.901, S.DF, S.zaohoucheng, S.longissima and S.japonica, the ultrastructure of 5 Saccharina gametophyte clone was analyzed for sexual identification. Methods: Saccharina gametophyte clone was preserved under the condition of low temperature and weak light. Ten health gametophyte clones were broken into fragments, fixed, dehydrated and embedded in sequence. Then, the ultrastructural characteristics of 10 gametophyte were observed by scanning electron microscope．Results: The female and male gametophyte have different cell structures. The chloroplasts of the female gametophyte are distributed in various parts of the cell. The male gametophyte chloroplasts are close to the cell wall. The male gametophyte has a smaller percentage of chloroplast and cell, which can be used as important indexes for sex identification of Saccharina germplasm.
Keywords Saccharina; gametophyte clone; ultrastructure; organelle difference
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